哈萨克斯坦楚—萨雷苏盆地砂岩型铀矿床地质—伊犁盆地蒙其古尔铀矿床含矿砂岩成岩蚀变特征及其有机-无机流体成岩成矿效应     

丁波  刘红旭  李平  张虎军  张宾  潘澄雨  张晓 《地质论评》2018,64(1):149-164

伊犁盆地蒙其古尔铀矿床为典型的层间氧化带型铀矿床,虽然前人对该区铀矿的成矿流体进行了较为系统的研究,但对其成矿流体来源依然存在较大的分歧,尤其对该区成矿流体与蚀变特征、铀成矿的内在联系研究较少。本文为了研究蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体来源及其与成岩蚀变、铀成矿的内在联系,综合地应用了偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针等手段,对其含矿目的层砂岩成岩蚀变进行系统的分析,并对蚀变矿物高岭石H—O同位素、碳酸盐胶结物C—O同位素及黄铁矿S同位素进行了研究。研究表明：与砂岩型铀矿有关的成岩蚀变类型主要有黏土化、碳酸盐化、硅化及金属矿化;成矿流体中水δDH2O,V SMOW为-48.3‰～-93‰, δ18OH2O,V SMOW为-10.3‰～-5.1‰,碳酸盐胶结物δ13CV PDB为-10.9‰～-7.2‰,δ18OV SMOW为176‰～249‰,黄铁矿δ34SV CDT为-17.3‰～12‰,上述特征揭示蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体是由大气降水性质的地表水（无机）和煤系地层有机质脱羟基及热降解作用产生的有机酸及CH4等还原性气体（煤层气）（有机）两部分组成;成岩蚀变和铀成矿效应皆是有机—无机流体及流体与周围砂岩相互作用的结果。  相似文献   

The source of sulfur in sulfide deposits in the Siberian Platform traps (from isotope data)     

V.V. Ryabov  O.N. Simonov  S.G. Snisar  A.A. Borovikov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(8):945-961

The source of sulfur in giant Norilsk-type sulfide deposits is discussed. A review of the state of the problem and a critical analysis of existing hypotheses are made. The distribution of δ³⁴S in sulfides of ore occurrences and small and large deposits and in normal sedimentary, metamorphogenic, and hypogene sulfates is considered. A large number of new δ³⁴S data for sulfides and sulfates in various deposits, volcanic and terrigenous rocks, coals, graphites, and metasomatites are presented. The main attention is focused on the objects of the Norilsk and Kureika ore districts. The δ³⁴S value varies from -14 to + 22.5‰ in sulfides of rocks and ores and from 15.3 to 33‰ in anhydrites. In sulfide-sulfate intergrowths and assemblages, δ³⁴S is within 4.2-14.6‰ in sulfides and within 15.3-21.3‰ in anhydrites. The most isotopically heavy sulfur was found in pyrrhotite veins in basalts (δ³⁴S = 21.6‰), in sulfate veins cutting dolomites (δ³⁴S = 33‰), and in subsidence caldera sulfates in basalts (δ³⁴S = 23.2-25.2‰). Sulfide ores of the Tsentral’naya Shilki intrusion have a heavy sulfur isotope composition (δ³⁴S = + 17.7‰ (n = 15)). Thermobarogeochemical studies of anhydrites have revealed inclusions of different types with homogenization temperatures ranging from 685 °C to 80 °C. Metamorphogenic and hypogene anhydrites are associated with a carbonaceous substance, and hypogene anhydrites have inclusions of chloride-containing salt melts. We assume that sulfur in the trap sulfide deposits was introduced with sulfates of sedimentary rocks (δ³⁴S = 22-24‰). No assimilation of sulfates by basaltic melt took place. The sedimentary anhydrites were “steamed” by hydrocarbons, which led to sulfate reduction and δ³⁴S fractionation. As a result, isotopically light sulfur accumulated in sulfides and hydrogen sulfide, isotopically heavy sulfur was removed by aqueous calcium sulfate solution, and “residual” metamorphogenic anhydrite acquired a lighter sulfur isotope composition as compared with the sedimentary one. The wide variations in δ³⁴S in sulfides and sulfates are due to changes in the physicochemical parameters of the ore-forming system (first of all, temperature and P_ch4) during the sulfate reduction. The regional hydrocarbon resources were sufficient for large-scale ore formation.  相似文献   

Exhumation of the Mesozoic Guojialing Granodiorite: Implication for the Preservation of Gold Deposits in the Jiaobei Terrane,China     

《Resource Geology》2018,68(1):51-64

Preservation conditions are very important for mineral systems and a suitable exhumation process is critical for endogenetic deposits, especially for those deposits formed in orogenic settings, where deposits are inclined to erode away due to strong uplift. The G uojialing batholith, intruding into the L inglong granites and the J iaodong G roup right before regional gold mineralization, is one of the most important gold ore‐hosting M esozoic intrusions in the J iaobei terrane. Gold deposits and the intrusion together underwent similar tectonothermal evolutionary processes. Exhumation and denudation process of the G uojialing granodiorite was constrained by biotite geobarometry and apatite fission track (FT ) analysis. Biotite geobarometric data yields an emplacement depth of 3.0 km, while denudation since 110 M a was calculated from the FT data at about 2.7 km. FT inverse modeling revealed a rapid uplift since ca 100 Ma. Compared with the gold ore‐forming depth which is confined between 2.5 and 9.5 km by fluid inclusion studies, great gold potential in the depths is inferred in the J iaobei terrane. Our result is consistent, to some extent, with the hypothesis of a M esozoic paleoplateau in E ast C hina.  相似文献   

Dating of megaflood deposits in the Russian Altai using rock surface luminescence     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Catastrophic drainage of ice-dammed lakes in the Altai Mountains has been inferred from geomorphological evidence in the Katun Valley (Russia), and is presumed to have occurred during the Pleistocene. The sedimentary features have been difficult to date directly, due to the absence of organic carbon, and the improbability that luminescence signals in sand grains would be reset during transport. However, the development of rock-surface luminescence dating provides a new opportunity to date the features: clasts have a different transport history to sand grains, and their luminescence depth profiles can be inspected for evidence of bleaching before burial. Here we investigate two sites in the Altai Mountains, and use rock-surface luminescence burial dating to constrain the age of the megaflood deposits. In the Katun Valley, we sampled granite cobbles from a frozen sediment clast emplaced as a dropstone within a massive megaflood gravel terrace. Burial ages for the clasts range from 16.7 to 21.4 ka, with a mean age of 19.8 ± 1.5 ka. This represents the depositional age of the fluvial sediments that preceded the lake outburst flood, (and hence places a maximum age on the catastrophic flood). Clasts sampled from mega-ripples in the Kurai Basin are shown to have a mid-to-late Holocene burial age, which is not consistent with the possible origin of these features during a catastrophic drainage of a glacier-dammed lake. Instead, the burial age of the Kurai Basin sediments may reflect local-scale periglacial or seismic processes along the Kurai Fault Zone.  相似文献   

云南个旧锡铜矿集区石榴子石地球化学特征及成矿指示     

张银平  邵拥军  熊伊曲  席振铢  芦磊  张敏  毛禹杰 《矿床地质》2022,41(4):682-701

云南高松矿床中高峰山矿段和老厂矿床中竹叶山矿段分别是个旧超大型锡铜多金属矿集区发育的典型矽卡岩型锡、铜矿段。为查明个旧矿集区锡铜成矿环境的差异,文章选取上述2个矿段矽卡岩中的石榴子石为研究对象,根据产状和矿物共生关系将石榴子石分为与高峰山花岗岩有关早期（Grt-GS1）、晚期（Grt-GS2）、与竹叶山花岗岩有关（Grt-ZS）和与玄武岩有关（Grt-ZX）共4类。电子探针（EPMA）和激光剥蚀等离子质谱（LA-ICP-MS）分析表明：Grt-GS1(Adr_10.58-20.27Grs_38.62-48.28Spe_21.06-32.37Alm_11.88-18.03)成分复杂且变化范围较大,而Grt-GS2(Adr_48.09-69.73Grs_23.84-48.87Spe_3.29-9.58)和Grt-ZS (Adr_13.97-16.06Grs_78.08-79.71Spe_2.15-2.60)成分简单且变化小;稀土元素配分曲线均呈HREE富集、LREE亏损的“左倾型”,并具明显的负Eu异常。Grt-ZX成分简单且较均一(Adr_20.12-21.99Grs_70.84-71.44Pyr_6.29-7.92),稀土元素配分曲线呈HREE亏损、LREE富集的“右倾型”,呈明显的正Eu异常,且F、Cl、U、Th、Pb、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Ti等元素含量均高于其余3类石榴子石。所有石榴子石REE³⁺与Mg²⁺的正相关性表明,REE³⁺受[X²⁺]Ⅷ-1[REE³⁺]Ⅷ+1[Y³⁺]Ⅳ-1[Y²⁺]Ⅳ+1替换机制的控制,REE³⁺主要替代Mg²⁺进入石榴子石晶格。石榴子石的U、Sn含量及稀土元素配分特征指示：高峰山石榴子石（Grt-GS1和Grt-GS2）在演化过程中氧逸度明显升高、竹叶山石榴子石（Grt-ZS和Grt-ZX）形成的氧逸度总体高于高峰山,但Grt-ZX形成时氧逸度低于Grt-ZS。稀土元素特征显示：Grt-GS1、Grt-GS2与Grt-ZS均形成于弱酸性环境,而Grt-ZX形成于近中性且富F、Cl的环境下。∑REE³⁺与Y呈良好的正相关性和REE含量变化指示4类石榴子石均形成于封闭或近封闭的体系中,在接近平衡和低水岩比的条件中受扩散交代作用缓慢生长而形成。综合研究表明,玄武岩对成矿的影响在于改变了流体性质,为成矿提供了大量微量元素（如Co、Ni、V、Cr等）和有利于成矿离子运移和富集的卤族元素（如F、Cl）,而高峰山矿段锡富集的原因可能是在演化过程中水岩反应的加强和氧逸度的升高。  相似文献   

贵州煤中某些金属元素异常富集研究进展     

张衍  程伟  杨瑞东  杨博  吕放  罗朝坤  许议元 《地质论评》2022,68(5):2022102014-2022102014

煤层能在特定的地质条件下富集多种关键金属元素,形成具有综合利用价值的“煤型关键金属矿床”,随着煤中共伴生金属元素提取技术日益成熟,研究煤中金属元素的富集与分布特征、查明具有成矿潜力的富集区具有十分重要的资源意义。本研究基于近20年以来前人发表的有关贵州煤地球化学的研究成果及作者自测数据,统计了贵州省23个主要产煤县（市）的1002个样品数据,揭示了贵州煤中Li、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、U和稀土元素（REY）等关键金属元素的总体分布富集特征。研究表明,贵州煤中Li、Zr、Nb、REY等关键金属元素较为富集并具有共伴生成矿潜力的区域为黔北煤田和黔西南兴义煤田两个区域。其中,金沙、桐梓、普安等地煤中Li平均含量换算为灰基Li2O 分别为1254 μg/g、1214 μg/g和724.4 μg/g,务川和正安煤种Zr平均含量换算为灰基ZrO2分别为4749 μg/g和4168 μg/g,务川煤中Nb平均含量换算为灰基Nb2O5为484.4 μg/g,金沙、桐梓、务川及凯里煤中REY含量换算为灰基稀土氧化物REO含量分别为2175 μg/g、2429 μg/g、2875 μg/g和2604 μg/g,这些含量均超过了相应矿种的最低工业品位或文献建议的可回收利用指标。贵州煤中多种金属元素具有较高的含量背景值,尤其以黔西南兴义煤田和黔北煤田最为显著,作者建议应进一步加强对上述两个区域的煤地球研究,查清煤中微量元素的时空分布与富集规律,为煤型关键金属矿床的找矿勘查提供更可靠科学依据。贵州晚二叠世煤中异常富集的Li、U、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和REY等元素的富集主要受峨眉山玄武岩风化产物的供给、同沉积火山灰的混入以及成煤期后低温热液作用的影响。其中REE的富集,不仅与玄武岩风化产物有关,还可能受到长英质—中性物质输入的影响。  相似文献   

甘肃白银厂铜多金属矿田地球化学场特征及信息提取     

窦小雨 《地质与勘探》2022,58(6):1139-1153

甘肃白银厂铜多金属硫化物矿田位于北祁连造山带东段,近年来面临严重的资源枯竭危险。通过对区内的构造地球化学测量数据进行多元统计、指数累加等方法的分析,进一步探讨了矿田内地球化学场分布特征,提取更多的找矿预测地球化学信息;研究发现矿田内主要的成矿元素分布受岩性及构造的双重控制,具有明显的北西向成带、北东向成串的特征,矿田中部和外围具有不同的地球化学异常场特征。构造地球化学测量的主要指示元素为 Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag、As、Sb、Hg、K、W等。根据地球化学场分布特征分析认为拉牌沟地区赋矿酸性火山岩向北侧伏,其深部具有一定的找矿前景。基于特征因子得分推断出矿田内具有北东向、北北东向、北东东向、北西向4组规模较大的断裂构造21条,最晚期形成的北西向次级断裂F15-F21是主要的控矿构造。已知的古火山喷口位于W-Au-Mn-Fe-Ti-V-Ba-K-S因子得分小于-0.7的负异常中心内,据此厘定出11个中心喷发口和5个火山喷发中心,已知的矿床位于火山喷发中心内或各火山中心喷发口的结合部。本研究为该矿田开展找矿预测工作提供了有利的地球化学找矿信息。  相似文献   

甘肃白银厂铜多金属矿田重磁异常及构造特征北大核心CSCD     

郭小刚 《地质与勘探》2022,58(5):1057-1069

甘肃白银厂铜多金属硫化物矿田是受陆缘弧环境火山机构及其同生断裂控制的典型火山岩赋矿块状硫化物矿床(VHMS)。为了进一步探讨该矿床重磁场特征及与构造和矿床的关系,通过对区内的重磁场异常数据进行位场分离、小波分析和基于张量数据的三维欧拉反褶积自动确定地质体位置和埋藏深度的定量反演计算。结果表明,研究区布格重力场具有西部高、东部低的特征,其磁场可划分为4个磁场区;局部异常按一定分布规律呈圆形或似圆形正负相间分布,不同尺度的重磁细节异常图在一定程度上反映出引起重磁异常的地质异常体具有一定的延深且分布稳定,而且这些地质异常体具有向深部复合的趋势。经位场分离后正负相间的剩余重磁异常分布范围和分布特征大致反映了白银厂奥陶纪中酸性火山岩建造构造为一个继承性的火山穹窿构造,东、西部不同的重磁异常特征说明东西部的火山喷发具有不同的基底、源区和喷发方式。发育NW向、NE向、近NS向、NEE向等4组断裂构造,近NS向断裂F3、F4、F5、F6、F7形成时间稍晚于NEE向断裂,其与NEE向断裂F1、F2共同形成了研究区棋盘网格状的构造分布特征,这两组断裂为研究区内主要的控岩、控矿断裂。火山机构的分布明显受断裂构造控制,火山口集中分布在深大断裂、大断裂或两组断裂的交汇处。矿田内各矿床及成矿有利地段均处于研究区中部低缓重磁异常场内正负磁异常变化的梯度带内。本次研究为控矿要素研究和开展找矿预测工作提供了丰富、翔实的地球物理资料。  相似文献   

河南方城大庄铌-稀土矿床碱性正长岩成矿机理研究          下载免费PDF全文

李山坡  乔欣欣  陈俊魁  郑凯  潘小娜  吴祥珂  张哨波  张荣臻  高传宝 《中国地质》2022,49(4):1224-1235

【研究目的】河南方城大庄是新探明的中型铌-稀土矿床（Nb₂O₃资源量16245 t;伴生TRE₂O₃资源量30147 t）,矿体主要赋存在碱性正长岩内。【研究方法】本文在野外地质调查基础上,对含矿碱性正长岩与无矿碱性正长岩开展了岩石学、岩相学和地球化学的对比研究。【研究结果】研究结果表明,含矿与无矿碱性正长岩均富碱、富铝,为典型的A型花岗岩,两类岩石的碱金属含量无明显差别,但（Na₂O+K₂O）/CaO、FeO^*/MgO、K₂O/MgO等参数明显不同。含矿碱性正长岩高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ce、U、Th、Zr、Y明显富集,Ba、Sr、P、Eu明显亏损;无矿碱性正长岩大离子亲石元素Rb、高场强元素Nb、Ta、Y和Th元素明显富集,而Ba、U、Sr、P、Ti和重稀土元素明显亏损,但亏损程度低于含矿碱性正长岩。【结论】方城大庄含矿碱性正长岩不是无矿碱性正长岩热液蚀变（钠长石化）的结果,二者应是同一岩浆体系不同演化阶段溶体固结的产物,含矿碱性正长岩的分异演化程度明显高于无矿化的碱性正长岩。方城大庄稀有稀土元素的富集与岩浆高演化、分异过程密切相关。这一研究可为区域找矿勘查提供一定的地质依据。创新点：岩石学和地球化学对比研究显示大庄Nb-REE矿中含矿碱性正长岩具有比无矿岩体更高的演化程度,表明成矿元素的富集与岩浆高分异演化密切相关,为找矿勘查提供了一定的岩石学证据。  相似文献   

青海昆仑河北地区岩浆活动、金矿成矿特征及找矿前景分析     

焦和  康继祖  黄国彪  贾建团  彭建  鲁海峰  雷延祥 《地质力学学报》2022,28(3):383-405

青海昆仑河北地区靠近昆中断裂带,经历早古生代、晚古生代—中生代多期岩浆活动,近年来自西至东陆续发现黑海北、拉陵灶火、苏海图、加祖它士西、向阳沟、加祖它士东、大灶火、黑刺沟等多个金矿床（点）,形成一条东西长度近150 km长的成矿带。文章在总结带内金矿成矿基本特征基础上,选取黑海北金矿和加祖它士东金矿的赋矿围岩开展锆石U-Pb定年,结果显示黑海北硅化二长花岗岩锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为443±8 Ma,形成于原特提斯洋向柴达木地块俯冲碰撞后伸展环境;加祖它士东的花岗闪长岩脉含有较多的继承锆石,锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为250±1 Ma,继承锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为420±2 Ma,加祖它士东花岗闪长岩侵位于古特提斯洋向北俯冲背景下的大陆弧构造环境。综合分析认为昆仑河北地区金矿成矿作用与早中生代三叠纪岩浆活动关系更为密切,其矿床类型存在造山型金矿与岩浆热液型金矿两种不同认识。昆仑河北地区土壤化探异常、低阻高极化激电异常、主要断裂（穿矿区）的次级断裂形成的蚀变破碎带等可以作为区内主要的找矿标志,推测该成矿带具有较大的找矿前景。   相似文献